,aw;if tsj;ij ngUf;FtjpYk;, mjid ghJfhg;gjpYk;
jkpo; njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpfspd; gq;fspg;G
nghjpif – kf;fs; - tpIa;
njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpfspd;
mbg;gilapy; XH Ma;twpf;if.
*Kidth;
R. ee;jFkhh;
**m.
fpwp];Nlhgh; N[hrg; FU];
nghUslf;fk;:
1.
Kd;Diu
2.
Nehf;fk;
3.
Ma;TKiw
4.
,aw;if tsk; ngUf;fp ghJfhg;gjpy; Clfq;fspd;
gq;F.
5.
nghjpif –
kf;fs; - tpIa; - ,aw;if tsk; Fwpj;j epfo;r;rpfs; XH xg;gPL.
6.
tpopg;GzHT msT.
7.
Ma;tpd; Kf;fpa KbTfs;
8.
KbTiu
9.
gad;gLj;jpa Fwpg;Gfs;
ePl;bf;fg;gl;l ciu RUf;fk;.
gy;NtW ,aw;if tsq;fNshL gilf;fg;gl;l ,e;j
cyfk;, ,d;W mwptpay; cyfkha; gy tsHr;rpfis
fz;Ls;sJ. tsHe;J tUk; ,e;j mwptpay; cyfpy;, kdpjFyk; ngw;w ,aw;if tsq;fs; gy
topfspy; rPuopf;fg;gl;L tUtij ehk; fz;$lhf ghHf;f KbfpwJ. rPuope;J tUk; ,aw;if
tsq;fis ghJfhf;fTk;, ngUf;fplTk;
tpopg;GzHT Vw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;baJ fl;lhak;. tpopg;GzHT Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; Clfq;fspd;
gq;fspg;G vt;tsT? mjpYk;
Fwpg;ghf jkpo; njhiyf;fhl;rpfspy; muR rhH njhiyf;fhl;rpahd nghjpif
njhiyf;fhl;rp, jkpo;
kz;zpd; gz;ghL kw;Wk; fyhr;rhuj;ij tsHf;f KaYk; kf;fs; njhiyf;fhl;rp kw;Wk;
nghOJNghf;F mk;rq;fis mjpfk; nfhz;l tp[a; njhiyf;fhl;rp ,itfspd; gq;fspg;G
vt;tsT? ,itfspd; epfo;r;rpfs; ve;j mstpw;F kf;fs; kdjpy; tpopg;GzHT – jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd? (tpopg;GzHT
jhf;fj;jpd; msT), xspgug;gg;gLk;
,aw;if tsk; Fwpj;j epfo;r;rpfspd; Nehf;fk; nghOJ Nghf;fpw;fhfth? fw;gpj;jyh?
my;yJ ntWk; jfty;jhdh? njhiyf;fhl;rp Clfk; ,e;ew;nraYf;fhf vt;tsT Neuk;
xJf;Ffpd;wJ? vg;gbg;gl;l ghHitahsHfSf;fhf epfo;Tfs; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd? Nghd;w
Nfs;tpfSf;F gjpiy NjLtJ jhd; ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fk.;
njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpfis $He;J
ftdpj;J (Observation)
mitfis jdpj;jdpNa Kiwahf Muha;e;J (Content
Analysis) ghHf;Fk; Ma;T
KiwNahL,
fsg;gzpapNy gyjug;gl;l kf;fsplk; Ngl;b
%yk; fUj;JNfl;Fk; Ma;T KiwiaAk; ,f;fl;Liuf;fhf gad;gLj;jg; gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,aw;if
tsk; Fwpj;j tpopg;GzHT Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; epr;rak; njhiyf;fhl;rp Clfk; kpf Kf;fpa
gq;F tfpf;fpd;wJ.
Kf;fpa fiyr; nrhw;fs;: Clfk; (Media), tpopg;GzHT–jhf;fk;, jfty; (information), jfty; njhlHG (communication),
fl;lis epuy; (programme),
nghUs; Ma;T
(content analysis). fzf;nfLg;G
(survey), xspgug;G (broadcasting), gpd;D}l;L (feedback)
1. Kd;Diu:
,d;W cyfpd; vy;yh ehLfSk; vjpHnfhs;Sk; xU
kpf Kf;fpa gpur;rid, ‘,aw;ifr;
rPuopT’
,aw;if kdpjDf;F toq;fpapUf;Fk;
nry;tq;fs; kfj;jhdit. ,aw;ifNahL ,ize;J tho;e;J jhd; thOk; G+kpia tskhf
itj;jpUf;f Ntz;ba kdpjd; jdJ Raeyj;jpw;fhf ,aw;iff;F vjpuhd td;Kiwfspy; ehfhpfk;
vd;w ngahpy; jpUk;gptpl;lhd;. ,aw;if tsq;fs; kdpjdhy; gytopfspy; mopf;fg;gl;L
tUtij fz;$lhf ,d;W ghh;f;fKbfpwJ.
kdpjd; mlH fhLfis mopj;J efuq;fis
cUthf;fpajhy; ,aw;ifapd; Row;rpKiwapy; Vw;gl;l mjPj khw;wq;fs; xNrhd;
mLf;Ffspy; xl;ilfis cUthf;fpd. ,jdhy; G+kpapd; ntg;gepiy Mz;L NjhWk; mjpfhpj;J
tUtjhf tpQ;Qhdpfs; $wpdhYk; mjw;F fhuzkhdtHfspd; myl;rpak; njhlHe;Nj tUfpwJ.
gy;NtWgl;l
kf;fs; ,g;gpur;ridia vg;gb cw;WNehf;FfpwhHfs;? xUNtis ,JFwpj;j ‘tpop;g;GzHT’ Nghjtpy;iyah? ,aw;if tsj;ij fhf;f
Ntz;ba mtrpaj;ij Fwpj;j ‘tpopg;GzHT’ ,d;W kpf mtrpak;. tpopg;GzHT jhd;
,d;iwa Kjy; Njit
gy;NtW
Jiwfspy; tpopg;GzHit Vw;gLj;jp Mf;fg;G+Htkhd toptiffis Mzpj;jukha; kf;fSf;F
fhl;btUtjpy; ‘Clfq;fs;’ ,d;W ngUk; gq;F tfpf;fpd;wd. ,aw;if
tsk;,
,aw;if rPuopT Fwpj;J kw;w gy
epWtdq;fSk;> JiwfSk; tpopg;GzHit Vw;gLj;jp te;jhYk;> Clfq;fs;
thapyhfj;jhd; ‘tpopg;GzHT
jhf;fj;ij’ mjpfk;
Vw;gLj;j KbfpwJ. mjpYk; njhiyf;fhl;rp Clfj;jpd; gq;F epr;rak; mjpf mstpy; cz;L
vd;gij ahUk; kWf;f ,ayhJ.
,e;j
Ma;Tf; fl;Liuf;F efuthrpfSk;> fpuhk thrpfSk; ,ize;J trpf;fpd;w ‘nrd;id’ khefuj;ijNa Ma;Tf; fskha;
NjHe;Js;Nsd;. vdNt jkpo; njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpfs; jhd; ,f;fl;Liuapd; Ma;Tf;
fhuzpfs;.
jkpopy;
gyjug;gl;l njhiyf;fhl;rpfs; ,d;W ,Ug;gpDk; kf;fshy; mjpfk; ghHf;fg;gLfpd;w %d;W
njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpfis kl;Lk; ,e;j Ma;Tf; fl;Liuf;F cl;gLj;j tpiofpNwd;.
NjHe;J nfhs;sg;gl;l %d;W njhiyf;fhl;rpfSk; %d;W ntt;ntW tifahdit.
v muR
rhH njhiyf;fhl;rp –
nghjpif njhiyf;fhl;rp
v jkpo;
kz;zpd; gz;ghL kw;Wk; fyhr;rhuj;ij tsHf;f KaYk; njhiyf;fhl;rp – kf;fs; njhiyf;fhl;rp
v nghOJNghf;F
njhiyf;fhl;rp - tp[a; njhiyf;fhl;rp.
,f;fl;Liu
,uz;L ghfq;fshf gphpf;fg;gl;L tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Kjy; gFjpapy; ,aw;if tsk;>
,aw;if rPuopT> ,aw;if ghJfhg;G Fwpj;J njhiyf;fhl;rp Clfj;jpd; gq;fspg;G
Fwpj;J> Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s %d;W njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpfis $He;J ftdpj;jy; (observation)
KiwapYk;> nghUs;-Ma;T (content
analysis) KiwapYk; Nrfhpj;j
fhuzpfs;;
kw;Wk; ,e;epfo;Tfspd; ghHitahsHfspd;
fUj;Jf;fs; ,itfis myrp Muha;fpwJ. ,uz;lhtJ gFjpapy; Ngl;bfs;> fzf;nfLg;G>
fUj;J Nfl;Gfs; %ykhf Nrfhpj;j KbTfis xg;gpl;L ghHj;J tpopg;GzHT–jhf;fj;jpd; msT Fwpj;J Muhag;gLfpwJ. mjd;
mbg;gilapy; ,f;fl;Liu Mf;fg;G+Htkhd fUj;Jf;fis Kd; itj;JjpUf;fpwJ.
2.
Nehf;fk;:
,e;j Ma;tpd; Nehf;fq;fs; gpd;tUkhW:
m) ,aw;if tsk;> ghJfhg;G gw;wpa
tpopg;GzHit Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpfspd; gq;fspg;G vt;tsT?
M) ve;j mstpw;F ,it tpopg;GzHT–jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd?
,) xspgug;gg;gLk; epfo;r;rpfspd;
Nehf;fk; nghOJNghf;fh? fw;gpj;jyh? ntWk; jfty; gwpkhw;wk; jhdh?
<) njhiyf;fhl;rpfs; ,aw;if tsk;>
ghJfhg;G> ,aw;if rPuopT Fwpj;j tpopg;GzHT epfo;r;rpfSf;F vt;tsT Neuk;
xJf;Ffpd;wd?
c) ,aw;if tsk;> ghJfhg;G Fwpj;j
njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpfSf;F kf;fs; kj;jpapy; tuNtw;G cz;lh?
C) vg;gbg;gl;l ghHitahsHfSf;fhf
epfo;r;rpfs; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd?
v) Ngl;b> fUj;Jf; Nfl;G>
fzf;nfLg;G mbg;gilapy; Ma;tpd; Kbit Muha;jy;.
3.
Ma;TKiw:
epfo;r;rpfis
$He;J ftzpj;jy; (observation)> epfo;Tfspd; nghUs;-Ma;T (content
analysis) Kiwapy; ,e;j Ma;T
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. fsg;gzpf;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fg;gl;L Ngl;bfs;>
fUj;JNfl;G KiwAk; ifahsg;gl;Ls;sJ.
m)
Ngl;bfs;:
njhiyf;fhl;rp
epfo;r;rp jahhpg;ghsHfs;> nra;jpahsHfs;> JiwrhHe;j mwpQHfs; ,tHfsplk;
Ngl;bfs; (interview)
vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
M)
fUj;J –
Nfl;G:
njhiyf;fhl;rp
epfo;r;rpfspd; ghHitahsHfs;> nghJkf;fs; ,tHfsplk; fzf;nfLg;G (survey) Kiwapy; fUj;Jf;fs;
Nrfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
4.
,aw;if tsk; ngUf;fp> ghJfhg;gjpy; Clfq;fspd; gq;F:
Clfq;fs;
vd;W nghJthf Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ mit jpdrhp nra;jpj;jhs;fs;> thndhyp kw;Wk;
njhiyf;fhl;rpfis Fwpf;fpd;wJ.
m)
nra;jpj;jhs;:
Rje;jpu ,e;jpahtpy; ,d;W 93 nkhopfspy; nra;jpj;jhs;fs; ntsptUfpd;wd.
nghJkf;fspilNa fzf;nfLg;G elj;jpajpy; 43% kf;fs; jpdKk; 30 Kjy; 45 epkplq;fs; tiu
nra;jpj;jhs; thrpf;fpd;wdH. ,tHfspd; fUj;Jg;gb ,d;W ve;j nra;jpjhSk;>
Rw;Wr;#oy;fSf;Nfh> ,aw;if tsk;> ghJfhg;Gf; Fwpj;j nra;jpfSf;fhfNth
jdpg;gFjp VJk; xJf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; mt;tg;nghOJ fhw;W> ePh;> khRgLjy;
Fwpj;Jk;> fhLfs; mopf;fg;gLtJ Fwpj;Jk; nra;jpfs; vOjg;gLfpd;wd. ,it NghjhJ
vd;fpd;wdh; nghJkf;fs;.
Mdhy; gj;jphpf;ifahsh;fspd; fUj;J rw;W
khWgl;Ls;sJ. mth;fspd; fUj;Jg;gb ,aw;if tsk;> ghJfhg;gG Fwpj;j nra;jpfspd;
vz;zpf;if mjpfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vdTk;> mitfis thrpg;Nghhpd; vz;zpf;ifjhd;
Fiwe;Js;sJ vdTk; $Wfpd;wdh;.
M)
thndhyp: xU
fUj;Jf;fzpg;gpd; Kbtpd;gb ,d;W 100-f;F 4.4 Ngh; kl;LNk thndhypg; ngl;b
itj;Js;sdh;. nghJ kf;fspilNa fUj;Jf; Nfl;ljpy; 31% Ngh; kl;LNk jpdrhp 30-60 epkplq;fs;
tiu thndhyp epfo;r;rpfs; Nfl;fpd;wdh;. nghJ kf;fspd; fUj;Jg;gb thndhyp
epfo;r;rpfs; Rw;Wr;#oy; ghJfhg;G> ,aw;if tsk;> ghJfhg;Gf; Fwpj;jit
tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;Jk; msT kpff; FiwNt. ,J Fwpj;j epfo;r;rpfSk;> nra;jpfSk;
kpff; Fiwthf ,Ug;gNj ,jw;Ff; fhuzk;.
,)
njhiyf;fhl;rp:
tsh;e;J tUk; ,e;j cyfpy; njhiyf;fhl;rp Clfk; kpfg;nghpa jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jf;
$bajha; cs;sJ. rkPgj;jpa fzf;nfLg;G xd;W ek; ehl;bd; 86.5% kf;fs; njhif 4.5 Nfhb njhiyf;fhl;rpg;
ngl;bfisg; gad;gLj;Jtjhf $WfpwJ. Xt;nthU tUlKk; Rkhh; 30 ,yl;rk;
njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bfs; jahhpf;fg;gLtJ> mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij czh;j;Jfpd;wJ. njhiyf;fhl;rp
,d;W efh;Gwq;fspy; kl;Lk; my;y> fpuhkq;fspYk; xU Gjpa nfsut milahskhfTk;>
tho;f;ifj; juj;jpd; rpd;dkhfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.
nghJ kf;fspilNa fUj;Jf; Nfl;ljpy; 50% f;Fk;
Nkyhdth;fs; 2 Kjy; 3 kzp Neuk; tiu jpdrhp njhiyf;fhl;rp ghh;g;gjhff;
$Wfpd;wdh;. mr;R Clfj;ijAk;> thndhyp Clfj;jijAk; tpl kf;fs; njhiyf;fhl;rp
Clfj;ijNa mjpfk; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; mjpf NeuKk; nrytopf;fpd;wdh;.
,aw;if tsk;> Rw;W #oy; Fwpj;J
epfo;r;rpfis mspg;gjpy; nra;jpj;jhs;> thndhypia tpl njhiyf;fhl;rp rw;W
Kjd;ikaha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. b];fthp Nrdy;> Ne\dy; [pahfugpf; Nrdy;> mdpky;
gpshdl; Nrdy; Nghd;wit Rw;Wr;#oy;> mlHfhLfs;> tdtpyq;Ffs;> ePHtho;
caphpdq;fs;> gwg;gd> CHtd ,itfis gw;wp mjpfkhd epfo;r;rpfis xspgug;Gfpd;wd.
ek; Njrpa miythpirfspd; J}HjH\dpd; gq;F
mjpfk;. muR rhH njhiyf;fhl;rp miythpirfs; my;yhJ> ,d;W jdpahH
njhiyfhl;rpfSk; ,aw;if tsk; ghJfhg;G Fwpj;j tpopg;GzHT epfo;r;rpfis mt;tg;NghJ
xspgug;gpf; nfhz;L tUfpd;wd.
fUj;Jf; fzpg;gpy; 80% NgH ,aw;if tsk;> ,aw;if rPuopT> Rw;W #oy; Fwpj;J
tpopg;GzHit njhlHe;J Clfq;fs; topahf ngw;Wf; nfhz;L tUtjhf $Wfpd;wdH. ,e;j 80%
NgHfspy; 93.8%
NgH njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpfs; topahfTk;>
82.1%
NgH nra;jpj;jhs;fs; topahfTk;> 35.8%
Ngh;
thndhyp topahfTk; ,aw;if> Rw;Wr; #oy; Fwpj;j tpopg;GzHT jfty;fis ngWtjhf
$Wfpd;wdH.
,e;j %d;W Clfq;fspYk; nghJthd xU
FiwghL vd;dntd;why; ,aw;if tsk;> Rw;Wr;#oypy; jdpj;Jtk; my;yJ epGdj;Jtk;
ngw;w epUgHfNsh> vOj;jhsh;fNsh> epfo;r;rp jahhpg;ghsHfNsh ,y;iy vd;gJ
jhd;> NkYk; nghJthf Clf epfo;r;rpfSf;F Kiwahd gpd;D}l;L (feedback) ,y;iy> mjhtJ ghHitahsHfspd;
fUj;Jf;fis Kiwahf mwpe;J nfhs;s KbahjJk; xU Fiwjhd;.
,e;j epiw> Fiwfspd; mbg;gilapy; jkpofj;jpd; Kf;fpa %d;W
njhiyf;fhl;rpfspd; epfo;r;rpfs; ,aw;if tsk;> ,aw;if ghJfhg;G> ,aw;if rPuopT
Fwpj;J ve;j mstpw;F kf;fs; kj;jpapy; tpopg;GzHT Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L tUfpd;wd
vd;W ,g;NghJ ghHg;Nghk;.
5. nghjpif – kf;fs; - tp[a; njhiyfhl;rpfspd; ,aw;if Fwpj;j epfo;r;rpfs;:
XH xg;gPL
5.1.
nghjpif: nrd;id
njhiyf;fhl;rp epiyaj;jpd;> jkpofj;jpw;nfd jdpg;gl;l nraw;ifNfhs; miythpir DD-5> 1993-k; Mz;L Vg;uy; 15-k; ehs; Jtq;fg;gl;lJ.
gpd;dH 2000-k; Mz;L [dthp – 15-k; ehs; DD– nghjpif vd;W ngaHkhw;Wk; ngw;wJ.
nghjpif njhiyf;fhl;rpapd; gpugykhd epfo;r;rpfspy; xd;W “nghd; tpisAk; G+kp”. xt;nthU ehSk; fhiy 6 kzpf;Fk;>
khiy 6 kzpf;Fk; xspgug;gLk; ,e;j tptrhapfSf;fhd epfo;r;rpapy; ,aw;if tsk;>
ghJfhg;G Fwpj;j gy jfty;fs; nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j epfo;r;rpapy; tUk; ‘Ntshz; nra;jpfs;’ kpf gaDs;snjhd;W. nghjpifapy;
mt;tg;NghJ ‘RfhjuKk;>
Rw;Wr;#oYk;’
Fwpj;J ‘Mtzg;glq;fSk;’ xspgug;gg;gLfpwJ. gyuhYk; mjpfk;
tpUk;gpg;ghHf;fg;gLfpd;w ‘nra;jpfs;’ gFjpapYk; Rw;Wr;#oy;> ,aw;if tsk;
Fwpj;J nra;jpfSk; mt;tg;NghJ ,lk;ngWfpd;wd. tpoh kw;Wk; tpLKiw ehl;fspy; rpwg;G
epfo;r;rpfshfTk; ,g;gbg;gl;l epfo;;r;rpfs; xspgug;gg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. kpf
Kf;fpakhf murhq;fj;jpd; rhHghf ,aw;if tsk; ghJfhg;G> Rw;Wr; #oy; Fwpj;J
tpopg;GzHT Vw;gLj;Jk; ‘tpsk;guq;fs;’ rpy xspgug;gg;gLfpd;wd. ,aw;if
tsk;> Rw;Wr;#oy; epfo;r;rpfs; nghUj;jkl;by; ‘nghjpif njhiyf;fhl;rpapd;’ gq;fspg;G Nghw;Wjw;FhpaJ.
nghJthf nghjpifapd; epfo;r;rpfs; jukhdjhf ,Ue;jhYk;> mitfis
ghHitahsHfSf;F toq;Fk; tpjk; Ritaw;wjhfTk;> ke;jkhdjhfTk; ,Ug;gjhy;
,g;gbg;gl;l epfo;r;rpfSf;F ghHitahsHfs; (audience) kpff; FiwNt. RkhH 14% ghHitahsHfNs cs;sjhf tamilspider ,izajsj;jpd; fUj;Jf;fzpg;G nrhy;fpwJ.
Mdhy; tptrhapfspy; kl;Lk; RkhH 30% NgUk;> Rw;Wr; #oy; Mh;tyHfspy; RkhH
12% NgUk;
‘nghjpifapy;’ epfo;r;rpfis njhlHe;J ghHj;J tUfpd;wdH.
5.2.
kf;fs; njhiyf;fhl;rp:
‘kz; gaDwNtz;Lk;’ vd;w nfhs;if Kof;fj;NjhL kf;fs; eyd;
fhf;f jpiutphpjj;Jjhd; kf;fs; njhiyf;fhl;rp. 2006-Mk; Mz;L nrg;lk;gH 6-k; ehs;
Clf muq;fpy; kf;fs; njhiyf;fhl;rp fhy; gjpj;jJ.
kf;fs; njhiyf;fhl;rpapd; Kf;fpakhd epfo;r;rpfspy; cotH re;ijAk;> coth;
nra;jpAk; epr;rak; ,lk;gpbf;fpwJ. coth; re;ij epfo;r;rp ‘nlyp-tptrhak;’ Kiwapy; thuk; xUKiw nts;spf; fpoikfspy;
kl;Lk; toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ghHitahsHfs; njhiyNgrp %ykhf njhlHGnfhz;L tptrha ty;Yeh;fs;>
Rw;W #oy; epGzh;fNshL ciuahb njspT ngWfp;d;wdh;. Gbg;gwpT ,y;yhj ghku
tptrhapfSk; epfo;r;rpapd; %yk; gad;ngw KbfpwJ vd;gNj ,jd; ntw;wp. ehs;NjhWk;
fhiy 8 kzp kw;Wk; 10 kzp nra;jpfspy; coth; nra;jp vd;w gFjp ,lk;
ngWfpd;wJ. tptrhaj;jpd; Gjpa njhopy;El;gq;fs;> kz;tsk; fhf;Fk; Kiwfs;>
,aw;if tsj;ij ngUf;fpd;w topKiwfs;> tptrhapfspd; Nfhhpf;iffs; cs;spl;l
epfo;r;rpfis ,g;gFjp toq;fp tUfpwJ. NkYk; nra;jpfspy; thdpiy Fwpj;j jfty;fSk;
,lk;ngWfpd;wd. Gay;> fly;rPw;wk>; gzp> kio Nghd;w gUtepiy khWghLfisAk;>
mjdhy; ,aw;iff;F Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; khw;wq;fisAk; ,g;gFjp $WfpwJ. NkYk; tpoh
ehl;fspy; rpwg;G epfo;r;rpfshf ,aw;if tsk;> RwWr;#oy; rPuopT Fwpj;j
gl;bkd;wk;> fye;Jiuahly; Nghd;w epfo;TfSk; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd. thu ehl;fspy;
khiy 6:30 kzpf;F xspg;gug;gg;gLk; kyUk; G+kp vd;w epfo;r;rpAk;
ghuhl;Ljw;Fhpa xd;W. tptrhapfSf;F gaDs;s midj;J jfty;fSk; ,jpy;
mspf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
kf;fs; njhiyf;fhl;rpapd; epfo;r;rpfs; jukhdjhfTk;> jkpo; kz;zpd; thridiaAk;
nfhz;bUg;gjhy; ,jw;F jw;NghJ ghh;itahsh;fs; mjpfk;. Rkhh; 28% ghh;itahsh;fs;
,Ug;gjhf tamilspider fUj;Jf; fzpg;G nrhy;fpwJ.
Mdhy; gbg;gwptw;w> fpuhkg;Gw> ghku ghh;itahsh;fs; FiwNt.
5.3. tp[a;
njhiyf;fhl;rp:
Nfhy;ld;
(GEC) vd;w ngahpy;; 1994-Mk;
Mz;L jpU. N.P.V. ,uhkrhkp cilahh; mth;fshy;
Jtf;fg;gl;lJjhd; ,d;iwa njhiyf;fhl;rp. 1995-,y; jpU. Tp[a; ky;iyah mth;fshy; toq;fg;gl;L
gpd;dh; 2001-y; jpU. Ugh;l; Kh;Nlh\; (Rupert Murdoch)
mth;fs; jd;Dila UTV Software Communications
epWtdj;jpw;fhf tp[a; njhiyf;fhl;rpia thq;fpdhh;. nghOJ Nghf;F epfo;r;rp;fSf;fhfTk;
hpahypl;b epfo;r;rpfSf;fhTk; kf;fspd; VNfhgpj;j tuNtw;ig ngw;wpUf;fpwJ tp[a;
njhiyf;fhl;rp.
tp[a;
njhiyf;fhl;rpapd; kpfg; gpugykhd epfo;r;rpfspy; xd;W ‘ePah
ehdh’. jpU. rp. Nfhgpehj; mth;fs;
Kiwg;gLj;Jk; ,e;j epfo;r;rpf;F ghh;itahsh;fs; kpf mjpfk;. nghJthf tp[a;
njhiyf;fhl;rpf;F 57% ghh;itahsh;fs; ,Ug;gjhf fUj;Jf;fzpg;G
$WfpwJ. ,e;j 57% ghh;itahsh;fspy; Rkhh; 93%
Ngh; ‘ePah
ehdh’
epfo;r;rpia njhlh;e;J ghh;j;J
tUfpd;wdh;. ,aw;if #oy;> Rw;Wr;
#oy;> tho;f;ifr; #oy; Fwpj;j fye;Jiuahly;fs; rpy ,e;epfo;r;rpapy; ,lk;
ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd. mNj Nghd;W ‘ele;jJ vd;d? Fw;wKk;
gpd;dzpAk;’ vd;w epfo;r;rpapYk; ,aw;if tsk;>
rPuopT Fwpj;j rpy epfo;r;rpfSk; xspgug;gg;gl;Ls;sd.
6. tpopg;Gzh;T msT
m) nghjpif>
kf;fs;> tp[a; njhiyf;fhl;rpfspy; ,aw;if tsk; ghJfhg;G> Rw;Wr; #oy;
,itfSf;F mjpf Neuk; xJf;FtJ nghjpif njhiyf;fhl;rpjhd;. xUthuf; fhyj;jpy; ,e;j
%d;W miythpirfSk; xJf;Fk; Neuk;:
nghjpif:
10 Kjy; 12 kzp Neuk; tiu
kf;fs;:
2 Kjy; 3 kzp Neuk; tiu
tp[a;:
1 kzp Neuj;jpw;Fk; Fiwthf
M)
,e;j %d;W njhiyf;fhl;rpfspd; Kjy; Nehf;fk; fw;gpj;jyhf> mjhtJ tpopg;Gzh;T
Vw;gLj;Jtjhf cs;sJ. MdhYk; xU rpy epfo;Tfs; Fwpg;ghf nra;jp Neuq;fspy; mspf;fg;gLgit
ntWk; jfty;fshfNt cs;sJ.
,)
%d;W miythpirfSNk kf;fs; kj;jpapy; kpfg;nghpa tpopg;Gzh;itAk; jhf;fj;ijAk;
Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L tUfpd;wd. MdhYk; fUj;Jf;fzpg;gpy; kf;fs; mjpfk; tpUk;GtJ
tp[a; njhiyf;fhl;rp toq;Fk; tpjk;. nghjpif njhiyf;fhl;rp ,aw;if Fwpj;j mjpfkhd
epfo;r;rpfisAk; tpsk;guq;fisAk; toq;fpdhYk; mit toq;fg;gLk; tpjk; Ritaw;Wk;>
ke;jKkhf ,Ug;gjhy; mit Vw;gLj;Jk; tpopg;Gzh;T-jhf;fKk; FiwNt. Mdhy; tp[a;
njhiyf;fhl;rp vd;Nwh xU ehs; epfo;r;rp toq;fpdhYk; nghOJNghf;F mk;rj;NjhL
toq;Ftjhy; mit kf;fs; kdjpy; Mog;gjpe;J ey;y tpopg;Gzh;it vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. kf;fs;
njhiyf;fhl;rp Vw;gLj;Jk; tpopg;Gzh;T msT ruhrhpahf ey;y mstpy; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ.
<)
,aw;if tsk;> ghJfhg;G> ,aw;if rPuopT> Rw;Wr; #oy; ghjpg;G Nghd;w
gpur;ridfSf;F kf;fs; ve;j mstpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fpd;wdh;? ek; fUj;Jf;fzpg;gpy;
71%
Ngh; ntiytha;g;gpd;ikf;Fk;> 66%
Ngh; gbg;gwptpd;ikf;Fk;> 52% Ngh; Vo;ik epiyf;Fk>;
37%
Ngh; Coy; Fw;wq;fs; Nghd;w gpur;ridfSf;Nf mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fpd;wdh;.
Mdhy; ,aw;ifr; Roy; Fwpj;j gpur;ridfSf;F ntWk; 8%
kf;fNs Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fpd;wdh;. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l vy;yh gpur;ridfSf;Fk; ,aw;if
tsk>; ,aw;if rPuopTfNshL rk;ke;jgl;litjhd;. MdhYk; kf;fspd; ftdKk; ghh;itAk;
,d;Dk; Nghjpa mstpw;F ,aw;if Fwpj;j gpur;ridfs;Nky; tpotpy;iy.
7. Ma;tpd; Kf;fpa KbT
,e;j
Ma;tpd; KbTfspy; Kf;fpakhdit:
Ø ,aw;if
tsk;> Rw;Wr; #oy; Fwpj;j mjpfkhdj; jfty;fis toq;fp tpopg;Gzh;it kf;fs;
kj;jpapy; Vw;gLj;j njhiyf;fhl;rp Clfk; ,d;Dk; mjpf msT Kay Ntz;Lk;.
Ø fUj;Jf;
fzpg;gpy; Rkhh; 27% Ngh; ,aw;if tsk>;
Rw;Wr; #oy; jfty;fis gug;gpl KO Neu njhiyf;fhl;rp xd;W jkpopy; Jtf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lnkd njhptpj;Js;sdh;.
Ø tpopg;Gzh;it
Vw;gLj;j KaYk; njhiyf;fhl;rp Clfk; jd; epfo;rpapid RitahfTk;> njspthfTk; KO
mh;g;gzpg;G czh;NthLk; tOq;fpl Ntz;Lk;.
Ø ,aw;if
tsk; Rw;Wr; #Oy; gw;wp nghJ eyk; fUjp ntspaplg;gLk; muR rhh; tpsk;guq;fs;
jdpahh; njhiyf;fhl;rpfspYk; xspgug;gg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
8. KbTiu
,aw;if
tsj;ij ngUf;FtjpYk;> fhg;gjpYk; Clfq;fspd; tpopg;Gzh;T Vw;gLj;Jk; gq;F>
mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf njhiyf;fhl;rp Clfj;jpd; gq;F kpf mjpfkhfTk;> Mjpf;fk;
nrYj;Jk; xd;whf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. fUj;Jf; fzpg;gpy; 52%
Ngh; ,ij cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;sdh;. 38%
Ngh; ,aw;ifNahL ,ize;j jq;fspd; md;whl
tho;Nt ,e;j tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;fpd;wdh;. 7%
Ngh; fy;tpj;Jiw ,e;j tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;fpd;wdh;.
njhiyf;fhl;rp
Clfk; kpf tpiutpy; mjpfkhd kf;fis nrd;W Nrh;tjhy;> epr;rak; Nkyhd
tpopg;Gzh;T –
jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. ,f;fl;Liuapd; vjph;ghh;;g;G jkpo; njhiyf;fhl;rpfs;
,d;iwa ,aw;if tsk;> ghJfhg;G Fwpj;j Njitia czh;e;J ,d;Dk; mjpfkhd Neuj;ij
xJf;fp> mjpfkhd epfo;r;rpfis jukhfTk;> RitahfTk; toq;fp kf;fspd;
vz;zq;fs; Mokhd tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gJjhd;. ,g;gbg;gl;l
tpopg;Gzh;Nt ,d;iwa Kjy; kw;Wk; mj;jpahtrpa Njit.
gad;gLj;jpa Fwpg;Gfs;
1. Bandhu,Desh and,Dyal,R.(Eds.)
(1999): Environment Education for a sustainable Future, Indian Environment
society, New Delhi.
2. Das,Nandita (2000):A study on
social and environmental impact of TV and radio programmed, Center of media
studies, New Delhi.
3. Hoeriseh, Hannah (2002): A
Comparative Study on Environmental Awareness and Environmentally Beneficial Behaviour
in India, CMS ENVIS center, New Delhi.
4. Unknown Author: ‘Social Awareness
about Environment’ - an Article
5. Visual Encyclopedia: : Orpheus
Books Ltd., 2004
tiyjsq;fs;
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